# PostgreSQL 14 New Features

> GA source edition · 88 pages · 2021-10-01

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LLMS index: [llms.txt](/en/llms.txt)

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<div class="feature-book-intro"><p class="feature-book-kicker">WITH EXAMPLES · ENGLISH SOURCE EDITION</p><p>Explore the features, SQL examples, and compatibility changes documented by <a href="https://github.com/nori-shinoda">Noriyoshi Shinoda</a>.</p><div class="feature-book-actions"><a class="feature-read-button" href="01-about/">Start reading <span aria-hidden="true">→</span></a><a href="/en/_print/14/">Print this book</a><a href="https://github.com/nori-shinoda/documents/blob/1773200c5362476c4a549222b7d17fa91f546cae/postgresql14_ga_new_features_en_20211001-1.pdf">Original PDF on GitHub</a></div></div>

<div class="feature-source-note"><span class="feature-edition-badge">GA</span><span>2021-10-01</span><span>88 PDF pages</span><span>9 chapters</span></div>

## Contents

- [1 About This Document](/en/14/01-about/)
- [2 New Features Summary](/en/14/02-summary/)
- [3 Architecture](/en/14/03-architecture/)
- [4 SQL Statements](/en/14/04-sql/)
- [5 Configuration Parameters](/en/14/05-configuration/)
- [6 Utilities](/en/14/06-utilities/)
- [7 Contrib Modules](/en/14/07-modules/)
- [8 URL List](/en/14/08-url-list/)
- [9 Change History](/en/14/09-change-history/)

## Reference indexes

The opening chapter includes the first numbered table, [Table 1](/en/14/01-about/#pg14-tbl-1). The indexes below collect the book's other native numbered components.

<details class="feature-index"><summary>Tables</summary>

- [Table 1](/en/14/01-about/#pg14-tbl-1) — Version
- [Table 2](/en/14/01-about/#pg14-tbl-2) — Examples notation
- [Table 3](/en/14/01-about/#pg14-tbl-3) — Syntax rules
- [Table 4](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-tbl-4) — Warning of transaction ID wraparound
- [Table 5](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-5) — Added system catalogs and views
- [Table 6](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-6) — Added views in the information schema \(information\_schema\)
- [Table 7](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-7) — System catalogs\/views with additional columns
- [Table 8](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-8) — System catalogs\/views with columns removed
- [Table 9](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-9) — System catalogs\/views with modified output
- [Table 10](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-10) — Pg\_backend\_memory\_contexts view
- [Table 11](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-11) — Pg\_stat\_progress\_copy view
- [Table 12](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-12) — Pg\_stat\_replication\_slots view
- [Table 13](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-13) — Pg\_stat\_wal view
- [Table 14](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-14) — Added Wait Events
- [Table 15](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-15) — Added data types
- [Table 16](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-16) — Added attributes
- [Table 17](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-17) — Added attribute
- [Table 18](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-18) — Added Wait Events
- [Table 19](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-19) — Wait event with changed type
- [Table 20](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-20) — Added setting values
- [Table 21](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-21) — Added functions for pipeline mode
- [Table 22](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-tbl-22) — Added languages
- [Table 23](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-tbl-23) — Added parameters
- [Table 24](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-tbl-24) — Changed parameters
- [Table 25](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-tbl-25) — Removed parameters
- [Table 26](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-tbl-26) — Parameters with default values changed
- [Table 27](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-tbl-27) — Major options
- [Table 28](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-tbl-28) — Added functions
- [Table 29](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-tbl-29) — Added columns
- [Table 30](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-tbl-30) — Added functions
- [Table 31](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-tbl-31) — Added Interface functions

</details>

<details class="feature-index"><summary>Examples</summary>

- [Example 1](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-1) — Match newline \(PostgreSQL 13\)
- [Example 2](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-2) — Match newline \(PostgreSQL 14\)
- [Example 3](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-3) — Factorial calculation \(PostgreSQL 13\)
- [Example 4](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-4) — Factorial calculation \(PostgreSQL 14\)
- [Example 5](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-5) — Factorial calculation \(PostgreSQL 14\)
- [Example 6](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-6) — CREATE STATISTICS statement for system catalog
- [Example 7](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-7) — CREATE LANGUAGE statement \(PostgreSQL 14\)
- [Example 8](/en/14/02-summary/#pg14-eg-8) — Normal\_rand function
- [Example 9](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-9) — Query pg\_backend\_memory\_contexts view
- [Example 10](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-10) — Query pg\_stat\_progress\_copy view
- [Example 11](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-11) — Query pg\_stat\_replication\_slots view
- [Example 12](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-12) — Query pg\_stat\_wal view
- [Example 13](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-13) — Streaming replication setting
- [Example 14](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-14) — Binary transfer setting
- [Example 15](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-15) — Execution plan log
- [Example 16](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-16) — LZ4 compression
- [Example 17](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-17) — Pg\_column\_compression function
- [Example 18](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-18) — Asynchronous execution setting
- [Example 19](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-19) — Execution plan for asynchronous execution
- [Example 20](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-20) — Memoize node
- [Example 21](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-21) — Extended statistics using expressions
- [Example 22](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-22) — Infinity\/\-Infinity value
- [Example 23](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-23) — Using multirange type
- [Example 24](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-24) — Enhancement of jsonb type
- [Example 25](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-25) — Calculation of pg\_lsn type
- [Example 26](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-26) — Using the Bloom filter in the BRIN index
- [Example 27](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-27) — Line breaks in the pg\_hba\.conf file
- [Example 28](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-28) — DECLARE STATEMENT statement
- [Example 29](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-29) — Index information for automatic VACUUM log
- [Example 30](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-30) — Authentication information log at the time of connection
- [Example 31](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-31) — Process name of WAL receiver
- [Example 32](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-32) — Process name of WAL sender
- [Example 33](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-33) — \&\#x27\;Word\&\#x27\; character class
- [Example 34](/en/14/03-architecture/#pg14-eg-34) — PL\/Sample module
- [Example 35](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-35) — ALTER DATABASE statement
- [Example 36](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-36) — Check visibility map after executing COPY FREEZE statement
- [Example 37](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-37) — INCLUDE clause with SP\-GiST index creation
- [Example 38](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-38) — CREATE PROCEDURE statement
- [Example 39](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-39) — LANGUAGE SQL
- [Example 40](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-40) — DROP TABLE CASCADE statement
- [Example 41](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-41) — CREATE TABLE statement
- [Example 42](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-42) — CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER statement
- [Example 43](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-43) — GRANTED BY clause
- [Example 44](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-44) — Table qualified with ON CONFLICT clause
- [Example 45](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-45) — Multiple tuple DEFAULT clause
- [Example 46](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-46) — Execute REINDEX statement on a partitioned table
- [Example 47](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-47) — Specifying the tablespace
- [Example 48](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-48) — VACUUM \(PROCESS\_TOAST\) statement
- [Example 49](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-49) — Autovacuum log at bypass index vacuum
- [Example 50](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-50) — No AS clause required
- [Example 51](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-51) — GROUP BY DISTINCT
- [Example 52](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-52) — SEARCH clause \(DEPTH FIRST\)
- [Example 53](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-53) — SEARCH clause \(BREADTH FIRST\)
- [Example 54](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-54) — CYCLE clause
- [Example 55](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-55) — JOIN USING AS clause
- [Example 56](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-56) — TRUNCATE statement for FOREIGN TABLE
- [Example 57](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-57) — Bit\_count function
- [Example 58](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-58) — Bit\_xor function
- [Example 59](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-59) — Date\_bin function
- [Example 60](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-60) — Create a date BC
- [Example 61](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-61) — Split\_part function
- [Example 62](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-62) — Substring function
- [Example 63](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-63) — Rtrim function
- [Example 64](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-64) — Trim\_array function
- [Example 65](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-65) — Unistr function
- [Example 66](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-66) — String\_to\_table function
- [Example 67](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-67) — Date format in ISO 8601 format
- [Example 68](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-68) — Pg\_get\_wal\_pause\_state function
- [Example 69](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-69) — Pg\_log\_backend\_memory\_contexts function
- [Example 70](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-70) — Pg\_xact\_commit\_timestamp\_origin function
- [Example 71](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-71) — Pg\_last\_committed\_xact function
- [Example 72](/en/14/04-sql/#pg14-eg-72) — Pg\_create\_logical\_replication\_slot function
- [Example 73](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-eg-73) — Display query ID
- [Example 74](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-eg-74) — Idle timeout
- [Example 75](/en/14/05-configuration/#pg14-eg-75) — Log of conflict state
- [Example 76](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-76) — Configure command for SSL
- [Example 77](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-77) — Configure command for LZ4
- [Example 78](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-78) — \-\-no\-instructions option
- [Example 79](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-79) — Checksum specification option
- [Example 80](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-80) — Pg\_amcheck command
- [Example 81](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-81) — \-\-extension option
- [Example 82](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-82) — Display access method
- [Example 83](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-83) — Specifying the TOAST table
- [Example 84](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-84) — List of extended statistics
- [Example 85](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-85) — \\d\+ command
- [Example 86](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-86) — \\df\, \\do command
- [Example 87](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-87) — \\dT command with alias
- [Example 88](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-88) — REINDEXDB \-\-tablespace option
- [Example 89](/en/14/06-utilities/#pg14-eg-89) — Vacuumdb command options
- [Example 90](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-90) — Verify\_heapam function
- [Example 91](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-91) — Cube type binary access
- [Example 92](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-92) — Access using subscripts
- [Example 93](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-93) — Pg\_old\_snapshot\_time\_mapping function
- [Example 94](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-94) — Information of GiST index
- [Example 95](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-95) — Output of bt\_metap function
- [Example 96](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-96) — Password check
- [Example 97](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-97) — Pgstattuple\_approx function
- [Example 98](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-98) — Tracking REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW statement
- [Example 99](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-99) — Pg\_stat\_statements\_info view
- [Example 100](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-100) — Index equation operator
- [Example 101](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-101) — Pg\_surgery Contrib module
- [Example 102](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-102) — Execution of postgres\_fdw related functions
- [Example 103](/en/14/07-modules/#pg14-eg-103) — Batch\_size option setting

</details>

<details class="feature-index"><summary>Figures</summary>



</details>

## Source edition



The source chapter order, wording, examples, and publication credits are retained.
PDF page markers link the reading edition to the original document.
[Source identity and coverage](/sources/pg14-semantic.json) · [About the collection](/en/materials/)

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Section pages:

- [About This Document](/en/14/01-about/): Purpose, audience, scope, software versions, notation, and responsibility statement.
- [New Features Summary](/en/14/02-summary/): The source document's overview of the release, benefits, and incompatibilities.
- [Architecture](/en/14/03-architecture/): Architecture, catalogs, replication, execution, I/O, roles, and server internals.
- [SQL Statements](/en/14/04-sql/): SQL syntax, data types, functions, optimizer behavior, and worked examples.
- [Configuration Parameters](/en/14/05-configuration/): Added, modified, removed, and default-value changes for configuration parameters.
- [Utilities](/en/14/06-utilities/): Changes to configure, initdb, backup, restore, upgrade, psql, and maintenance tools.
- [Contrib Modules](/en/14/07-modules/): Changes to contrib extensions and the modules covered by the source document.
- [URL List](/en/14/08-url-list/): The external references and release links listed by the source PDF.
- [Change History](/en/14/09-change-history/): The source document's revision history.